STUDI ANALISA PEMIKIRAN DAN TEOLOGI HASSAN HANAFI

Abstract

Hassan Hanafi is a contemporary Islamic thinker from Egypt, who paid special attention
to classical theology (Islamic terminology) for reconstruction. According to him,
Islamic theology (Kalam Asy'ariah Sciences) cannot be proven scientifically or
philosophically, a theology that is dialectical in terms of social and historical character.
In addition to the science of kalam also often arranged as an offering to the authorities,
considered as God's representative on earth, so that theological thinking is separated
from history and talk about humans. Also his thinking tends to be as legitimate for the
status quo rather than as a liberator and a human mobilizer towards independence and
awareness.
Practically theology cannot be a truly living view that motivates action in the concrete
lives of human beings. Because the preparation of theology is not based on pure
awareness and values of human action, so that there is a split between theoretical faith
and practical faith in the Ummah, which in turn gives birth to multiple moral attitudes
or personality syncretism that further makes the Islamic community suffer poverty,
oppression and backwardness, and ignorance.
For this reason, according to Hassan Hanafi, a classical reconstruction of theology
(kalam) is inevitable. With the theological reconstruction process (kalam), there is a
need for an open attitude to accept changes in thinking that have been believed to be
"the only truth". In this connection Hassan Hanafi offers a theology that is movement-
oriented in all fields. The reconstruction involves many things, among others, first,
changing the theological paradigm from theocentric (the God of everything) to be more
anthropocentric (the human being of everything). If the first paradigm sees world affairs
as God's business, then the second paradigm sees world affairs as human affairs.
Second, open to the tools of modern science in seeing a religious text. Therefore, to
develop the anthropocentric theology, Hassan Hanafi uses dialectical, hermeneutic,
phenomenological and dialectical methods. Third, it is more rational, as far as
actualizing religious teachings. By not abandoning the roots of the Islamic tradition, in order to build a more actual theological reasoning, Hassan Hanafi represented the
reasoning of the Mu'tazilah theology